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Detection of antibiotic resistance encoding genes in Escherichia coli isolated from cats and environment in animal clinics in Bogor City
Thesis Abstract:
In the last few decades, the public health has faced another challenge worldwide, that is the increasing number of reports of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics in both humans and animals. Animal population that are often associated with antibiotic resistance of pets due to highly use of antibiotics as disease therapy and prevention. It causes resistance to commensal bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae. The Enterobacteriaceae species, most associated with the incidence of resistance, is Escherichia coli. Apart from the normal flora of the digestive tract, these bacteria are also found in the environment, especially in the area of livestock or animal clinics. Resistance mechanism allows the transfer of resistant traits both within one species and between species, thus becoming an obstacle in the health sector.
Medication performed in animal clinics allow the selection of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The type of pet that is mostly found in animal clinics in Bogor is cat, with various health complaints. The purpose of this study was to isolate Escherichia coli from cats and animal clinics in the city of Bogor and to measure the resistance level, both phenotypically and genotypically.
The results of this study indicate that 100% of Escherichia coli can be isolated from cats and 35% from animal clinics in Bogor. The results of resistance tests against 23 isolates from cats and seven isolates from the environment showed that Escherichia coli had resistance to antibiotics in the tetracyclines, quinolones, and β-lactams classes with varying levels of resistance in each class of antibiotics and animal clinics as a source of isolation. Detection of the gene coding for antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from cats and the environment showed that 47,62% (10/21) and 42,86% (3/7) were positive for the tetA, respectively, and 60% (12/20) and 66,67% (4/6) positive qnrS, respectively. The detection of the blaCTXM gene and the blaSHV gene respectively showed 13,04% (3/23) positive results and 86,96% (20/23) positive results of the blaTEM gene for isolates from cats, while those from the environment showed 14,29% (1/7) positive for the blaCTXM gene and 85,71% (6/7) positive for the blaTEM gene, while the blaSHV gene was not detected. The results of this study showed that there were 8,70% (2/23) isolates from cats that were positive for 3 ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTXM). The ESBL gene in isolates from environmental origin showed that 14,29% (1/7) of the isolates were positive for the blaTEM and blaCTXM genes. The need for further research to identify the proximity of resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolated from cats, the environment, animal clinic employees, and animal owners.