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Plant Parasitic Nematode Populations and Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek) Reactions in Soil Treated with Phenamiphos and Organic Amendments
Thesis Abstract:
The effects of phenamiphos and soil amendments using sawdust, coir dust, Leucaena leaves, and Gliricidia leaves on plant parasitic nematodes (mostly Rotylenchullus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita) and on mung bean reactions were determined in a field experiment conducted during two successive cropping periods. Phenamiphos was applied at the rate of 5 kg a.i./ha during the first cropping and 10 kg a.i./ha during the second cropping. The organic materials were applied at the rates of 2.5 and 5.0 tons/ha during both the first and second croppings. Applications were made in the row two weeks before planting.
The first cropping application of phenamiphos and all the organic materials, except Gliricidia leaves (lower rate), reduced egg populations two weeks after application. The residual effect of phenamiphos and Leucaena leaves improved seedlings emergence of the second crop. The former also reduced egg populations before planting of the second crop and nematode populations in the roots (nematode infections) during the last harvest.
On the second crop, two applications (once before each cropping) of phenamiphos and all the organic materials frequently reduced nematode populations better than one application. Phenamiphos applications reduced egg populations before planting, both the active and egg populations and root knot nematode infection during the last harvest. Sawdust, applied at a higher rate, reduced active and egg populations during mid-cropping and both egg populations and nematode infections during the last harvest. Two applications in higher rates of coir dust reduced nematode infections during mid-cropping and the last harvest, while egg populations before planting and nematode infections during the last harvest were reduced by applying Leucaena leaves twice at a higher rate. Two applications (both rates) of Gliricidia leaves reduced egg populations during mid-cropping and nematode infections during the last harvest.
Based on nematode populations during the sampling periods of the two croppings, sawdust (applied at a higher rate) was comparable to phenamiphos in its nematode-suppressive effect. Despite the reductions in nematode populations during the two cropping periods, no treatment influenced crop yield.