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- Evolution of Land Tenure System in a South Sulawesi Village, Indonesia
Evolution of Land Tenure System in a South Sulawesi Village, Indonesia
Thesis Abstract:
Data for this study were taken from all household heads in Kampung Paoe, Desa (village) Ompo in South Sulawesi, lndonesia. Purposive sampling and total enumeration procedures were employed in choosing the kampung, the village, and the respondents.
The study attempted to: 1) present the general characteristics of a typical rice village in the province of South Sulwesi, lndonesia; 2) describe changes in land tenure system (tenure mobility, occupational mobility, land transactions, operational landholdings, tenure contract, and labor arrangements) and population in the selected study village; 3) relate population changes to land tenure system change; and 4) estimate distribution of land among households in the study village.
The total area of Ompo village was 4,400 hectares with a population of 10,971 as of 1936. Rice farming was the most important source of income in this village. Agricultural production was typically by rice monoculture. The total rice field area was 1,886.07 hectares or 42.86 percent of the village area.
Respondents had an average age of 46.62 years with an average schooling of 3.99 years, which was relatively low. Also, most respondents had more than three family members, averaging 4.16 persons.
Population change in Ompo village from 1971 to 1986 was greater than in the subdistrict and district levels. The population increase was accompanied by an increase in operational landholdings, especially rice fields, uplands, and home lots. Land tranactions showed the increase in rice fields, uplands, and home lots. Renting, share cropping, and mortgaging increased. Occupational mobility and tenure mobility showed an increase in number of landlords/landdowners, owner,-share tenants, share leaseholders, and plain leaseholders. On the other hand, there was a decrease in owner-operators, owner-leaseholders, owner-share leaseholders, and landless workers.
From 1971 to 1986, there was an increase in verbal and unlimited tenure contract. W'hile the other forms of tenure contract decreased. Labor arrangement, during the same period, however, increaseed in family labor, exchanged labor, hired labor, and hired but unpaidd labor.
Ownership of landholdings among respondents from 1971 to 1986 showed an equitable distribution, although the size of holdings became smaller in 1986. However, its distribution among respondents, even if still inequitable, was better than in 1971, 1976, and 1981.
These changes in land tenure system and land distribution can be attributed to population increase. However, such results were not consistent with the hypothesis.