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Fertilizer Management Strategies to Alleviate Zinc Deficiency in Irrigated Lowland Rice
Dissertation Abstract:
The agronomic response to zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, inorganic fertilizer, and indole acetic acid IAA) applications as well as the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) uptake of IR72 rice variety was evaluated in three field experiments during the wet and dry seasons of 1990 and 1991, respectively. These were conducted in a farmer's field in Tayabo, San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, northern Philippines.
The soil was silt loam, irrigated lowland, and relatively poorly drained, being located at the lowest portion of the landscape. It contained 8.12 percent organic matter and 0.41 ppm available Zn.
Six treatments were evaluated during the two cropping seasons, namely: 1) control. 2) ZnO + 60-30-30 (CF), 3) ZnS04 (Foliar)+ CF, 4) ZnS04 (Basal)+ CF, 5) CF alone, and 6) IAA + CF. Across seasons, the basal application ofZnS04 proved superior to the other treatments in terms of number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, weight of filled grains per panicle, weight per 1,000 grains, and grain yield per hectare. Its gra in yie ld of 8.8 t/ha was 16 and 31 percent higher than that of the other treated plants and the control. respectively. On the average, the dry season crops produced 2.02 to 2.34 times more grain yield than the wet season crop. The addition of basal ZnS04 and IAA resulted in the production ofthe tallest plants, heaviest straw yield, and longest panicles. Tiller production was similar in all treated plants.
Variation was not much in soil organic matter, N, P, and K during the course of the experiment, although in general, values were higher during the dry season.
The N concentration in grain was least in the control and highest in those which received CF only. Soil treatment did not influence the percentage of P, K, and Zn in both grain and straw. However, in all instances, the concentration of these nutrients was higher in grain than in straw.
Total N uptake was highest in basal ZnS04 treatment ( 191.24 kg/ha) and lowest in the control ( 121.33 kg/ha). Zinc absorption was highest in the basal ZnS04 and foliar ZnS04 (0.36 and 0.30 kg/ha, respectively). P and K uptake were least in the control. Nutrient removal was in the order of N > K > P > Zn.
Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between weight of filled grains and grain yield; number of grains per panicle and weight per 1,000 grains, and number of productive tillers and weight of filled grains per panicle.
Soil N was positively related to the number of productive tillers, weight of filled grains, grain yield, grain N, grain P, grain K, and grain Zn. Soil P was positively correlated with N, K, and Zn in straw. Soil K had a positive influence on P and K in grains as well as N in straw.
