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- Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan L.) Seed Meal in Poultry Diets
Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan L.) Seed Meal in Poultry Diets
Dissertation Abstract:
Three experiments, two in broilers and one on layers, were conducted to determine the feeding value of Pigeonpea Seed Meal (PPSM). In each broiler experiments, 416 seven-day-old commercial broiler chicks were used and 255 twenty nine-week-old brown-feathered egg-type pullets for the layer experiments. Broilers in experiment 1 were randomly assigned to 13 dietary treatments (three kinds and four levels of PPSM + one control). In broiler experiment 2, two kinds (raw and boiled), three levels of PPSM, and two levels of methionine were used. In the layer experiment, two kinds and four levels of PPSM and two levels of methionine were used.
The PPSM used in this study had less than half of the crude protein contents but much higher nitrogen-free extract compared with soybean meal. Trypsin inhibitor was almost completely eliminated by heat-treatment, while tannin was only partly affected.
Heat-treated PPSM had higher lysine, threonine, phenylalanine, valine, and histidine but lower arginine, tryptophan, isoleucine. and leucine compared with soybean meal.
The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and true metabolizable energy (TME) content ofPPSM were significantly improved by boiling (2,596.0 kcal/kg DM) and roasting (2,576.1 kcal/kg DM). However, when the energy values' were corrected for nitrogen, a significant increase in energy content was obtained only from boiling but not from roasting the PPSM.
The additional amount of palm oil used to make the diets isocaloric increased the ether extract and gross energy contents of diets with higher levels of PPSM. The increased level of PPSM increased the crude tiber contents of the diets.
The coefficient of digestibility of crude protein significantly decreased with increased level of PPSM in broiler starter, broiler finisher, and layer diets. The coefficient of digestibility of ether extract of broiler finisher diets significantly decreased with higher inclusion of PPSM. The coefficient of digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract significantly depressed with increased level of PPSM in the layer diets.
Broiler experiment 1 showed that the kind and level of PPSM in the diets gave no significant in teraction on all of the parameters considered. The kind of PPSM in the diets significantly influenced the feed consumption and feed efficiency but did not significantly affect the weight gain and income over feed and chick cost. Increased level of PPSM in the diets s ignificantly depressed body weight gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed and chick cost and increased the feed consumption of the broilers.
In broiler experiment 2, the kind and level of PPSM and level of methionine in the diets showed no significant interaction on all the parameters used. The kind of PPSM in diets did not significantly influence body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and dressing percentage but significant increased the pancreas weight ofthe broilers. Increased level of PPSM in the diets significantly depressed the body weight gain, feed efficiency, and dress ing percentage of the broilers. Furthermore, it increased the feed consumption and pancreas weight of the broilers. PPSM supplementation containing diets with 0.15 percent methionine above NCR requirement gave no significant influence on all the parameters.
The kind and level of PPSM and level of methionine in the diets showed no significant interaction on all the parameters considered in the layer experiment. Boiling of PPSM as well as the supplementation of 0.15 percent methionine above NCR requirement in the diets failed to significantly affect any of the parameters in this study. lncreased level of PPSM in the diets significantly depressed egg production, feed efficiency, income over feed cost, egg yolk color score, and body weight gain of the pullets.