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Socioeconomic Conditions of the Settlers in Nam Ngum Project
Thesis Abstract:
The study was undertaken mainly to identify the socioeconomic conditions of the settlers and the factors associated with their problems. Subjects of the study were 100 farm households in three sample villages in the Nam Ngum settlement area. Data were collected through interviews, personal notes and observations. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the significance of the data.
Most of the original settlers came from Northern Laos with the primary motive of acquiring land. Farming was their main occupation. Family size ranged from 0 to 10. The males insignificantly outnumbered the females. More than half were less than 20 years old and only 4% were over 60. Ninety-five percent were Buddhists.
Of the farms included in the study, 60% were 5 ha or less. Full owners accounted for 45% of the settlers; 25% were tenants and 25% applicants (no title yet to homestead). Only 55% of the farms were under cultivation, most of which were rice land. Farm productivity was low owing to absence of HYV seed, poor land preparation, minimal control of pests and diseases, and lack of crop rotation techniques.
Carabao and cattle were raised as sources of farm power and local transportation. For supplementary income, the farm household raised swine and poultry and engaged in fishing and silk production.
The government provided basic services such as school, medical facilities, police protection, agricultural experiment station and extension services. The main lending institution was the National Development Bank.
The settlers undertook self-help projects (with government assistance) such as improvement of barrio roads and construction of toilet facilities. Recreational activities consisted of festival ceremonies related to agriculture and radio listening.
Main problems of the farmers were lack of feeder roads, work animals, farm equipment and capital for farm operations; low prices of farm products but high prices of essential commodities; and debts. Malaria was the most serious health hazard.