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Analysis of Communication Factors Associated with Family Planning Programs in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Thesis Abstract:
The study was conducted to ascertain and analyze the communication strategies in promoting the development of family planning programs in Kendari, Indonesia. Specifically, the study attempted to (1) determine the socio-demographic characteristics and main information sources of the respondents; (2) determine the perception and attitudes toward family planning program of extension workers and beneficiaries; (3) determine the respondents’ (extension workers, beneficiaries) sources of information to resolve the family planning problems and their most preferred and considered credible source; (4) analyze the existing problems and constraints confronting respondents in promoting family planning programs in Kendari, Indonesia; (5) suggest suitable strategies for the effective communication in promoting family planning programs in Kendari, Indonesia; and (6) recommend policies regarding the use of communication in promoting family planning programs in Indonesia.
The study was conducted in selected rural communities in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which was one of the project sites of the National Family Planning Coordination Bureau (BKKBN). Data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, frequency counts and means.
Two groups of respondents were included in the study: mothers/housewives and extension communication workers. Majority of the mother-respondents were 36-40 years old, had reached high school, had been married from 11 to 15 years, had farming as their major source of income, had an annual income of less than PHP10,000, and were members of organizations.
The most commonly owned and used medium of communication was radio, followed by television and posters. The respondents listened to the radio everyday for news, entertainment, and religious broadcast. Majority of the housewives watched television for drama, religious shows and movies. A small proportion of the motherrespondents watched educational television shows and sports. More than one-fourth of the housewives read newspapers; very few read other kinds of materials such as magazines due to scarcity of printed materials in the study area. Watching movies was also a very rare activity among housewives.
Interpersonal sources of information were the most preferred form of mass media. Sources of information were doctors, extension communication workers, and members of the community. The most common method of presentation regarding family planning information was a stage play because they were able to relate their real life experiences for what had been shown on stage.
The oral pill was the most popular among housewives while condom and medis operasi were the least. Among the reasons cited regarding the adoption of family planning were financial, and maternal and child health. More information on the use, side effects, and cost-effectiveness of the different family planning methods was very necessary.
Most of the extension communication workers were 27-38 years old, female, with one to two children, and had obtained college education. They had been working as extension communication workers from 4 to12 years. All of them were members of government and civic organizations.
Visuals were the most commonly used media channel by extension workers in disseminating family planning information. There were radio stations and programs airing family planning with few reading materials being published in the study site.
Serialized dramas on family planning were the most appealing kind of programs patronized by both extension communication workers and mothers.
The government appeared to be the sole source of printed materials regarding family planning. Personal visits and consultations in hospitals were the most frequently cited form of assistance given by extension communication workers to housewives.
Limited funds, fear of side effects, and religious belief were the three major reasons for non-adoption of family planning.